學前教育普惠優(you)質(zhi)發展走出(chu)“深圳路徑”
信息來源: 深圳特區報 [ 內容糾錯 ] 日期:2021-08-21 09:23:41
深(shen)圳(zhen)努力(li)構建廣覆(fu)蓋、保基本、高(gao)質量(liang)的學(xue)(xue)前教育公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)體系,深(shen)圳(zhen)學(xue)(xue)前教育的公益性普惠性和整體辦學(xue)(xue)水平踏上(shang)新(xin)臺階
近年來(lai),深圳學(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育持續發(fa)力,推進學(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育質量品牌建(jian)設
學前(qian)(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu),是尚未啟蒙的(de)(de)孩子們走向(xiang)知(zhi)識殿堂的(de)(de)開端,是國(guo)民教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體(ti)系的(de)(de)重要組成部分(fen)。走過40年(nian),深(shen)圳(zhen)學前(qian)(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)規模迅猛發展(zhan)(zhan),如今在園兒(er)童已達(da)54.5萬人(ren),在園兒(er)童人(ren)數位列全國(guo)第二。隨著(zhu)兩期“學前(qian)(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)(zhan)行(xing)動(dong)計劃”推進,深(shen)圳(zhen)努力構建廣覆蓋(gai)、保基本、高質(zhi)量的(de)(de)學前(qian)(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)公共服務體(ti)系,深(shen)圳(zhen)學前(qian)(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)公益性(xing)普惠性(xing)和整體(ti)辦學水(shui)平(ping)踏上新臺(tai)階。
近年(nian)來,深圳(zhen)學前教育持續發(fa)力(li),公辦幼兒園發(fa)展全面駛入快車道,公辦幼兒園在園兒童占比由原來不足(zu)4%提高到(dao)38%,今年(nian)底將達(da)到(dao)50%。全市已建成市一級幼兒園745所,省一級幼兒園134所,省級園數量全省第一。
施展“組合拳”
基本實現普惠發展格局
深(shen)圳(zhen)建(jian)市(shi)(shi)之初,全(quan)市(shi)(shi)僅90所幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan),在園(yuan)幼(you)兒(er)(er)4587人。經濟特(te)區建(jian)立(li)(li)以來,因為市(shi)(shi)場經濟發育(yu)早,市(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)更完善,伴隨著(zhu)城市(shi)(shi)人口的(de)急劇擴張(zhang),深(shen)圳(zhen)開始探索并形成了以社會力量辦學為主體的(de)學前教(jiao)育(yu)格局(ju)。面對民辦幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)占(zhan)比高的(de)市(shi)(shi)情,深(shen)圳(zhen)教(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)門立(li)(li)足實(shi)際,從(cong)2012年起(qi),啟(qi)動(dong)普惠性幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)建(jian)設試(shi)點(dian),跳出公民辦的(de)簡(jian)單(dan)二元劃分,以政(zheng)策規范和財政(zheng)投入為杠桿,在國(guo)內率先探索政(zheng)府主導、財政(zheng)支持的(de)學前教(jiao)育(yu)公益(yi)普惠發展模式(shi),被教(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)列入教(jiao)育(yu)綜合改革重(zhong)點(dian)項目(mu)。
幼(you)(you)兒園(yuan)成(cheng)為普(pu)(pu)惠園(yuan)之后,市、區財政(zheng)對普(pu)(pu)惠性(xing)幼(you)(you)兒園(yuan)以班級數為單位給予每(mei)(mei)班每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)4萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)的(de)補(bu)助,規定補(bu)貼(tie)必(bi)須用于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)師待(dai)遇(yu)和(he)(he)幼(you)(you)兒園(yuan)設(she)施(shi)建設(she)等方(fang)面。同年(nian)(nian)秋季學(xue)期開始,深(shen)圳對在(zai)依法設(she)立的(de)幼(you)(you)兒園(yuan)就讀的(de)深(shen)圳戶(hu)籍和(he)(he)符合深(shen)圳市人(ren)口(kou)管理(li)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)3-6歲在(zai)園(yuan)兒童(tong)(tong),發放(fang)每(mei)(mei)生每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)1500元(yuan)的(de)健康成(cheng)長補(bu)貼(tie),用于(yu)抵減家(jia)長繳納的(de)保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)費、在(zai)園(yuan)兒童(tong)(tong)免費體(ti)檢、購置(zhi)兒童(tong)(tong)讀物和(he)(he)玩具等。2013年(nian)(nian)起,深(shen)圳民辦(ban)幼(you)(you)兒園(yuan)從(cong)教(jiao)(jiao)滿3年(nian)(nian)以上的(de)保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),每(mei)(mei)月可領(ling)取300-1000元(yuan)不(bu)等的(de)幼(you)(you)兒園(yuan)保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)長期從(cong)教(jiao)(jiao)津貼(tie),且在(zai)2017年(nian)(nian)起增加至450-1500元(yuan)。實施(shi)三項惠民政(zheng)策(ce)后,50多萬(wan)(wan)名在(zai)園(yuan)兒童(tong)(tong)享受到每(mei)(mei)人(ren)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)1500元(yuan)的(de)兒童(tong)(tong)健康成(cheng)長補(bu)貼(tie),3.7萬(wan)(wan)名保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)享受到長期從(cong)教(jiao)(jiao)津貼(tie),普(pu)(pu)惠園(yuan)每(mei)(mei)班每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)得到不(bu)少(shao)于(yu)4萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)的(de)獎勵性(xing)補(bu)助,累計投入達52億(yi)元(yuan),在(zai)分(fen)擔學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育成(cheng)本、調控民辦(ban)園(yuan)收(shou)費、提(ti)高(gao)保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)待(dai)遇(yu)等方(fang)面成(cheng)效顯著(zhu)。
如果說深(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)(zhen)早期鼓(gu)勵舉辦(ban)民辦(ban)幼(you)兒園為(wei)解(jie)決“入園難”問題(ti)做出(chu)了(le)貢獻,那么(me)大力發(fa)展(zhan)普惠園則較好地解(jie)決了(le)“入園貴(gui)”的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。在(zai)普惠園政策出(chu)臺前(qian),每到(dao)開學(xue)(xue)季,家長(chang)們都會(hui)擔心(xin)幼(you)兒園漲價(jia)。然而,在(zai)深(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)(zhen),成(cheng)為(wei)普惠園的(de)(de)(de)其中一個條件就是3年內不(bu)得(de)漲價(jia),使(shi)得(de)不(bu)少家長(chang)不(bu)再為(wei)保教(jiao)費的(de)(de)(de)上漲而煩心(xin)。通過這些組合拳的(de)(de)(de)施展(zhan),深(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)(zhen)學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)普惠發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)態勢初步形(xing)成(cheng),學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)公共(gong)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)“深(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)(zhen)路徑”進一步鞏固,基本實現(xian)學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)公益普惠發(fa)展(zhan)格局。
吹響“集結號”
公辦幼兒園建設步入快車道
為(wei)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)國務院關于學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)深(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革規范發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)若(ruo)干意見(jian)(jian)(jian)》,2019年4月,市(shi)(shi)政府辦公(gong)廳印發(fa)了《關于進一(yi)步深(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革促進學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)普惠優(you)質發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)意見(jian)(jian)(jian)》(以下簡(jian)稱《意見(jian)(jian)(jian)》)。《意見(jian)(jian)(jian)》強調,調整辦園(yuan)結(jie)(jie)構、提高(gao)普惠性學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)質量成為(wei)當前(qian)(qian)和未來幾年學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改(gai)革的(de)重點(dian)任務,深(shen)圳以調整優(you)化(hua)辦園(yuan)結(jie)(jie)構為(wei)重點(dian)任務,以創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)辦園(yuan)、優(you)化(hua)提升(sheng)普惠性民辦幼兒園(yuan)為(wei)主要舉措,努力實(shi)現學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。市(shi)(shi)委教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)工委書(shu)記、市(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局局長(chang)陳秋明介紹(shao),這個(ge)由市(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局牽(qian)頭,市(shi)(shi)政府相(xiang)關部門(men)及各區參與(yu),從起草到出臺歷經兩年的(de)《意見(jian)(jian)(jian)》,全(quan)面(mian)摸底調研,梳理出我市(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)存在的(de)突出問題,有針對性地提出貫(guan)徹落實(shi)黨中(zhong)央(yang)、國務院關于學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方針政策的(de)“深(shen)圳路徑”,文件的(de)出臺又一(yi)次(ci)拉開了我市(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)前(qian)(qian)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改(gai)革發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)戰略新(xin)(xin)里程的(de)帷(wei)幕(mu)。
去年以來,深圳(zhen)公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設(she)步入快(kuai)車道,公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)比迅(xun)速(su)增加。深圳(zhen)各區(qu)(qu)通(tong)過新(xin)建幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、回(hui)收政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、依(yi)法依(yi)規清理(li)回(hui)收回(hui)購政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)和其他國有資產(chan)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、租(zu)賃改造閑置(zhi)(zhi)物業、鼓勵(li)村(cun)集體或(huo)者國有企(qi)業產(chan)權(quan)(quan)的(de)民辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型等多種舉措(cuo)舉辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),提高公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兒(er)(er)童占(zhan)比。去年9月(yue),寶安區(qu)(qu)先(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)先(xian)(xian)試(shi),在全(quan)市率(lv)先(xian)(xian)回(hui)收7所到期(qi)(qi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)配套幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),納入寶安幼(you)教(jiao)集團,辦(ban)成集團分(fen)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。自(zi)此之后(hou),深圳(zhen)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)作全(quan)面(mian)提速(su)。龍華區(qu)(qu)將政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)列(lie)入回(hui)收主攻目標(biao),妥善制定(ding)到期(qi)(qi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)收程序,設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)“三個月(yue)”過渡(du)期(qi)(qi)穩妥安置(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong),“一對一”派駐公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)幼(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)轉(zhuan)型民辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),順利完(wan)成2019年到期(qi)(qi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)收工(gong)(gong)作。光明區(qu)(qu)系統出臺公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設(she)及管理(li)政(zheng)策制度,龍崗區(qu)(qu)建立區(qu)(qu)、街(jie)道、社區(qu)(qu)“三級聯動”工(gong)(gong)作機制,羅湖區(qu)(qu)則通(tong)過探索集團化管理(li)模(mo)式(shi),實(shi)現(xian)公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)平(ping)穩運行(xing)(xing)。
近兩年來,深圳學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)不斷加(jia)大投(tou)入(ru)籌碼,公(gong)(gong)共投(tou)入(ru)大幅度(du)增長,全市(shi)(shi)財政公(gong)(gong)共預算(suan)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)投(tou)入(ru)從(cong)2018年初的(de)20.79億元(yuan),增長至(zhi)2020年初的(de)72.14億元(yuan),年均增長率(lv)達(da)86.28%。市(shi)(shi)委市(shi)(shi)政府發布的(de)《關于(yu)推進教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)高質量發展的(de)意見》指出,提高公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)、普惠(hui)園(yuan)(yuan)比(bi)例,到2020年,每(mei)個有(you)條件的(de)社區原則上至(zhi)少有(you)1-2所公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)幼兒園(yuan)(yuan),公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)和普惠(hui)性民辦(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)幼兒占比(bi)達(da)80%,其中公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)幼兒占比(bi)達(da)50%。
牽住“牛鼻子”
學前教育整體水平踏上新臺階
高(gao)標準辦好學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu),實現(xian)幼有善育(yu)(yu),是《中共中央國(guo)務院(yuan)關于支持(chi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)圳建設(she)中國(guo)特色(se)社會主義先(xian)行示范(fan)區的意見(jian)》對深(shen)(shen)(shen)圳學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)寄予的重要期(qi)望,是深(shen)(shen)(shen)圳年(nian)輕家長對優質(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的熱切期(qi)盼。近年(nian)來,深(shen)(shen)(shen)圳市(shi)(shi)通過(guo)創建優質(zhi)(zhi)特色(se)示范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、啟動學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)高(gao)素質(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)才(cai)“苗圃(pu)工(gong)程”、優質(zhi)(zhi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)辦分園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、百(bai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)扶百(bai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)多(duo)項措施,推進(jin)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量品牌建設(she)。在(zai)優質(zhi)(zhi)特色(se)示范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設(she)方(fang)面(mian),深(shen)(shen)(shen)圳全市(shi)(shi)已推出100所(suo)在(zai)綜合管理(li)、課(ke)程實踐和保(bao)育(yu)(yu)保(bao)健等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)各有專長的優質(zhi)(zhi)特色(se)示范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)整體水平的提(ti)升,還需要一(yi)個與之相(xiang)應的監(jian)督管理(li)體系。深(shen)(shen)(shen)圳市(shi)(shi)在(zai)全省率(lv)先(xian)實施幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規范(fan)化建設(she)與督導評估,強(qiang)力推進(jin)幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規范(fan)管理(li),目前(qian)全市(shi)(shi)規范(fan)化幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)98%。現(xian)有市(shi)(shi)一(yi)級幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)745所(suo),省一(yi)級達(da)(da)134所(suo),省級園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數量全省最多(duo)。
我市(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)學前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)人才建(jian)設(she)(she)方面打出(chu)“組合(he)拳”,提前(qian)聘任園(yuan)(yuan)長,做好資格培訓;加強本地(di)(di)高(gao)校(xiao)培養(yang)培訓能力建(jian)設(she)(she),建(jian)立若干學前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)人才培養(yang)基地(di)(di);健全綜合(he)激勵(li)與(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系,建(jian)立健全學前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)職稱評審辦(ban)法,暢(chang)通(tong)專(zhuan)業(ye)晉(jin)升(sheng)與(yu)發展通(tong)道(dao)。“我們(men)鼓勵(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)內高(gao)校(xiao)開設(she)(she)相關專(zhuan)業(ye)、擴大(da)招生(sheng)規(gui)模。”深圳市(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)副局(ju)長王水(shui)發介紹說,深圳還引導各區采取委托培養(yang)、定向(xiang)就業(ye)等(deng)(deng)方式(shi),與(yu)國內高(gao)校(xiao)學前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)加強聯動(dong),大(da)力建(jian)設(she)(she)高(gao)素質專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)創(chuang)新型的(de)學前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)隊伍。此外,為(wei)推動(dong)更多幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)提升(sheng)科學保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)平,在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局(ju)牽頭下,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)(yan)部(bu)門、高(gao)校(xiao)、優質園(yuan)(yuan)所聯合(he)構建(jian)“三位一(yi)體(ti)”的(de)合(he)作研(yan)(yan)究模式(shi),指導幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)管理精細化(hua)(hua)(hua)、課程(cheng)游戲化(hua)(hua)(hua)、環境(jing)生(sheng)活(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、保(bao)障(zhang)制度化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)方面深耕(geng),以教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)科研(yan)(yan)帶動(dong)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)課程(cheng)改革,推動(dong)保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)質量(liang)提升(sheng)。